In a sea of generic AI tools, how do we ensure technology serves the mind rather than replacing it? Join researchers from Google for a look under the hood of the learning science powering Google learning tools like Gemini for Education. Google DeepMind and Google Research will offer an inside look at how they measure efficacy and impact, including Google's approach to large-scale Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of Generative AI on student learning in the classroom. The presentation will examine the realities of rigorous field research, sharing emerging insights and discussing the need for evidence-based, teacher-centric AI deployment.